A union empty set eq A
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<csymbol cd="relation1">eq</csymbol>
<apply>
<csymbol cd="set1">union</csymbol>
<ci>A</ci>
<ci>φ</ci>
</apply>
<ci>A</ci>
</apply>
</math>
Author: Design Science, Inc. (E. Cannon, E. Tabacman, R.Miner)